Walk the floor of a modern manufacturing plant and you'll see the future in motion. Robotic arms handle repetitive assembly. Digital twins simulate a production run before a single part is machined. Additive manufacturing prints tooling and replacement parts on demand instead of waiting weeks for a supplier. Robotic process automation quietly reconciles purchase orders and shop floor data between systems that were never designed to talk to each other. We've mapped that broader Industry 4.0 and 5.0 shift before; this time, we want to zoom in on the piece hiding in plain sight.
By most measures, manufacturers are taking modernization seriously. In a 2025 survey of 600 manufacturing executives, 80% said they plan to put at least 20% of their improvement budgets toward smart manufacturing initiatives, on top of what they're already spending on automation, sensors, and cloud infrastructure.
And yet, that ambition hasn’t reached its full potential. In a McKinsey survey of manufacturing COOs published in December 2025, only 2% said AI was now fully embedded across their operations, while roughly two-thirds put their companies' progress at the exploration or targeted-pilot stage. Somewhere between the investment and the outcome, there are obstacles preventing progress.
One of those is something nobody budgeted for: print.
